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R. F. Kuang: Babel (Hardcover, 2022, Harper Voyager)

Traduttore, traditore: An act of translation is always an act of betrayal. 1828. Robin Swift, …

Robin had never been taught the fundamentals of grammar — he knew what worked in English because it sounded right — and so in learning Latin, he learned the basic parts of language itself. Noun, verb, subject, predicate, copula; then the nominative, genitive, accusative, cases.

Babel: Or the Necessity of Violence: An Arcane History of the Oxford Translators' Revolution by  (Page 88 - 89)

new vocabulary: copula

a connecting word, in particular a form of the verb be connecting a subject and complement.