I am underwhelmed by the scientific rigor in this book. "Empirical" is a stretch. While Sowell provides lots of citations and raw data, he uses then to reach conclusions which fall over to the lightest of logical breezes. Unfortunately, the conclusions which stand to criticism arn’t the least bit new or interesting. I was hoping he would address some of the underpinnings of the discussed disparities, however he all but ignores huge societal factors such as red lining and environmental conditions.

Unfortunately, he often cited opinion pieces who's underlying methods I couldn't find.

I can appreciate the distinction between the types of discrimination, and I believe it to be a useful synchronization of terminology. That doesn't make up for the incompleteness of the rest of the book